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Static Keyword


Static Keyword

Is used to define class members.
In a class we can have following 3 types of class members:-


  1. STATIC DATA MEMBERS
  2. STATIC INITIALIZE BLOCK
  3. STATIC METHODS.



(1) STATIC DATA MEMBERS

Represents class attributes. A single copy of static data members is created when the class is loaded. This copy can be shared by all the objects of the class.


For example -

  1. class A
  2. {
  3. int a, b;
  4. static int c;
  5. -------
  6.         -------
  7. }

When we create objects of this class in some other class what happens is explained in the given adjoining fig1.


Fig1.
For the execution of a Java Application, memory is divided into three parts called
·      Stack - LOCAL VARIABLES of methods are stored in STACK.
·     Heap - OBJECTS are created in the HEAP.
·     Class Area - STATIC DATA MEMBERS are saved in CLASS AREA.


(2) STATIC INITIALIZE BLOCK

(3) STATIC METHODS.



  1. class A
    {
                   int a, b;
                   static int c;
                   ----------              
                   ----------
                   public static void main(String[] args)
                   {
                                  A x = new A();
                                  A y = new A();
                                  -------------
    -------------
                   }
    }







Memory Representation During the execution of main() method of class A.

Static Initializer Block- is used to initialize static data members of a class.

Syntax –

static
{
         Statements
} 



Static initialize is executed only once, just after a class is loaded.
In Java, a class can be loaded in either of the following ways:-

(1). Through Explicit Introduction.
(2). Through Implicit References.

In the first approach class to be loaded is explicitly introduced to the JRE.






Only a single class is loaded in an application using explicit introduction. Rests of the classes are loaded through implicit reference.
When a reference of a class is encountered first time in an already loaded class then JRE implicitly loads it before performing the operation represented by the class reference.

  1. class A
  2. {
  3. public static void main(String[ ] args)
  4. {
  5. B x = new B();//Reference of B is contained in A
  6. -------------
  7. -------------
  8. }
  9. }

  10. class B
  11. {
  12.  -------------
  13.  -------------
  14. }












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